How
to………………
To give and respond to instructions:
a) Giving
Instructions
First, (you) . . .
Then, (you) . . .
Next, (you) . . .
Lastly, (you) . .
b) Formal
Ø I’d
like you to …, please.
Ø Would you mind …, please?
Ø …, will you?
Ø …, please?
Ø Would you be so kind as to …?
Ø I have to ask you to ….
Informal:
Ø Open the door!
Ø Sit down!
Ø Give me that!
Ø Don’t smoke here!
Ø Stop it, I tell!
Example dialog for expressions of giving
instructions:
a) Dialog 1:
Mother : Hey, Sue.
Come here and help me, please.
Sue : no worries, Mom. I’m coming. What
should I do for you, Mom?
Mother : take a look
at my hand phone, will you? It went blank.
Sue : yes, Mom. I will.
b) Dialog 2
Toni : Hello, this is Yamaha Printer cal
centre.
Young girl: Hello, I
need a help. My printer got jammed.
Toni : please, turn it off. Wait for a second
and turn it on again.
Young girl: OK. Wait a
minute.
Toni : Does it print again?
Young girl: yes, it
does. Thank you.
c) Asking for
Instructions
How do you (do this)?
How do I . . . ?
What is the best way
to . . . ?
How do I go about it?
What do you suggest?
How do you suggest I
proceed?
What is the first
step?
d) Sequencing
Before you begin, (you
should . . .)
The first thing you do
is . . . .
I would start by . . .
The best place to
begin is . . .
To begin with,
Can I ask you a
question?
May I have a piece of
cake?
Could I get you to
turn off the lights
Some other common
phrases are
Do you mind if I
smoke?
Would you mind if I
asked you something?
Is it okay if I sit
here?
Would it be all right
if I borrowed your lawn mower?
Making invitations
Making invitations
Do you know how to invite someone to your house for
dinner or to go to the movies?
What do you say in English when someone invites you?
Here are some common expressions you can use when making or responding to
invitations
Inviting:
- Do you want to go to the movies tonight?
- Would you like to go to the theater tomorrow?
- Would you be interested in going to the the stadium
next Sunday?
- How do you fancy going to the the restaurant for
dinner?
- How about going to the movies?
- Care to come over for lunch?
- I was just wondering if you would like to come over
for a drink.
- We'd be delighted to have you over for my birthday
party.
Accepting invitations:
- Sure. What time?
- I'd love to, thanks.
- That's very kind of you, thanks.
- That sounds lovely, thank you.
- What a great idea, thank you.
- Sure. When should I be there?
Declining invitations:
I
can't. I have to work.- This evening is no good. I have an appointment.
- I'm busy tomorrow. Can I take a rain check* on that?
- That's very kind of you, but actually I'm doing
something else this afternoon.
- Well, I'd love to, but I'm already going out to the
restaurant.
- I'm really sorry, but I've got something else on.
- I really don't think I can - I'm supposed to be doing
something else.
(*rain check: used to tell someone that you cannot
accept invitations now, but would like to do so at a later time)
Dialogue:
Mike and Ann are in a wedding party:
Mike : Do
you want to dance?
Ann : No
thanks. I’m a bit tired right now.
Mike : How
about having a drink?
Ann :
Sure, I’d love to!
Invitations
Berikut
adalah beberapa kalimat yang sering digunakan dalam menyampaikan undangan dalam
bahasa Inggris:
|
I'd like to invite you for a barbecue party
this Sunday
|
Saya ingin
mengndang anda di pesta barbekyu hari minggu ini
|
|
Would yo go to the movies with me on Saturday
night?
|
Apakah kamu
bersedia menonton film bersamaku sabtu malam nanti?
|
|
I would like to invite you to dinner tomorrow
night
|
Saya ingin
mengundang anda untuk makan malam besok malam
|
|
How about going to the market with me
|
Bagaiaman kalau
Anda pergi ke pasar dengan saya?
|
|
Let's go to the bookstore tomorrow
|
Mari kita pergi ke
toko buku besok
|
|
Thank you, I am glad to
|
Terima kasih, saya
senang sekali
|
|
Thanks, I'd be happy
|
Terima kasih,
dengan senang hati
|
|
Thank you for inviting me
|
Terima kasih telah
mengundang saya
|
CONTOH PERCAKAPAN
Contoh 1:
|
A
|
:
|
Do you have any plans for this weekend, Amy?
|
|
|
Apakah kamu ada rencana di akhir pekan ini,
Amy?
|
|
B
|
:
|
No, Jack. Why?
|
|
|
Tidak, Jack. Kenapa?
|
|
A
|
:
|
Well. I'd like to invite you to my
niece birthday party.
|
|
|
Aku ingin mengundangmu ke acara ulang tahun
keponakanku
|
|
B
|
:
|
When is it held and what time?
|
|
|
Kapan acaranya akan diadakan dan pukul berapa?
|
|
A
|
:
|
5 pm this Saturday, can you come?
|
|
|
Pukul 5 sore hari sabtu ini. Apakah kamu bisa
datang?
|
|
B
|
:
|
Sure. I'd be glad to come
|
|
|
Tentu saja, saya akan datang dengan senang
hati.
|
Contoh 2:
|
A
|
:
|
Can you come to my house at around seven? We're having surprise party for John.
|
|
|
Bisakah kamu datang ke rumahku sekitar pukul
tujuh? Kami akan mengadakan pesta kejutan untuk John.
|
|
B
|
:
|
Sure. But what should I give John as a
present?
|
|
|
Tentu. Tapi apa yang harus kuberikan kepada
John sebagai hadiah?
|
|
A
|
:
|
You can give him anything you like, I am sure
John will like it.
|
|
|
Kamu bisa berikan apapun yang kamu mau, aku
yakin John pasti menyukainya.
|
|
B
|
|
Okay, see you then.
|
|
|
Baiklah, sampai jumpa disana
|
Contoh 3:
|
A
|
:
|
We are going to the cinema to watch a
movie. Do you want to join us, Judith?
|
|
|
Kami akan pergi ke biokop untuk menonton film.
Apakah kamu mau ikut dengan kami, Judith?
|
|
B
|
:
|
Sorry, I can't join you. I haven't done my
biology homework which is due
|
|
|
tomorrow morning.
|
|
|
Maaf, aku tidak bisa ikut dengan kalian. Aku
belum menyelesaikan PR biologi yang harus diserahkan besok pagi.
|
|
A
|
:
|
That's okay. May be you can join us some other
time. Good luck with your
|
|
|
home work
|
|
|
Tidak apa-apa. Mungkin kamu bisa ikut kami di
lain waktu. Selamat mengerjakan PR mu
|
Giving
Invitation
Study the dialogue below!
Dan : Have you got anything to do
night, Deby?
Deby : I don’t think so. Why?
Dani : My Friends is going to celebrate
his wedding party tonight. He invited me. I don’t want to
go allone. I don’t know withy whom should i go there. Would you like to
accompany me, Dani?
Deby : I’d (would) love to, but what time, Dani?
Dani : What about at seven o’clock? I’ll pick
you up.
Deby : Ok that’s fine.
Dani : Thank’s, Deby you’re very kind.
Giving Invitations (invite someone)
- Would you like to come to my place for dinner tonight, please?
- Would you like to go to a football game on Saturday?
- Would you like to accompany me to the party?
- Would you like to come to the opera house?
- Can you come over on Saturday night?
- In a shop, “can I help you , mom?” no, thank you. I’m beeing served
Respond: To accept an invitation
- With pleasure.
- I would like to very much
- I would love to
- yes, certainly I will come
- I would, very much
Declining/ refusing Invitation
- I would like to very much but I’m afraid I can’t
- I’m afraid I can’t, I’ve already got an appointment.
- Thank’s but I’m afraid I can’t. I have an exam to study for
EXPRESSING CERTAINTY
Degree of Certainty: Present Time
100%
sure :
he is sick
95%
sure :
he must be sick
less than 50%
sure : he may be
sick
he might be sick
he could be sick
form negative
100%
: sam isn’t hungry
99%
: sam couldn’t hungry
sam can be hungry
95%
: sam must not be hungry
less than 50%: sam may not be
hungry
sam might not be hungry
Making Invitations
How to ask people to join you for a special event
Inviting people to join you for dinner, social
events, or other occasions is usually done using 'would like' to indicate the
invitation. This form can be used for both formal and informal invitations.
Remember that 'would you like ...' is always followed by the infinitive form of
the verb (to do).
Phrases for Inviting
People
Informal Phrases
Why don't we + verb?
I'm buying.
My treat.
It's on me.
Let's + verb
Why don't we go out for dinner? I'm buying.
Let's get a hamburger. My treat.
Formal Phrases
Would you like to + verb?
I'd like to ask you to + verb
It would be my pleasure if you would + verb
May I have the honor of your + verbing?
I'd like to ask you to attend the open ceremonies next week.
May we have the honor of your presence at dinner on Friday?
Person 1: Would you like to join us for dinner this
evening?
Person 2: Thank you. Yes, that would be very nice.
Person 1: Would you like to come with us?
Person 2: Sure!
It's also common to use
suggestion
forms in more informal situations to invite other people to join you
in doing something. These forms include 'let's do, how about / what about
doing, shall we'.
Example Dialogues
Person 1: Let's go out on the town tonight.
Person 2: Yes, let's do that.
Person 1: Shall we get some dinner tonight?
Person 2: That sounds like fun.
Thanking People for Invitations
Always thank someone for inviting you to do something. Here are some of
the most common forms used to accept an invitation.
Thank you very much.
That would be nice.
Certainly, I'd love to...
Sure, that would be great! (informal)
Example Dialogues
Person 1: Would you like to come over for dinner?
Person 2: That would be nice. Thank you.
Person 1: How about joining us for ice-cream?
Person 2: Sure, that would be great!
If you are unable to accept an invitation, use one of
the following polite phrases to respond.
Thank you. I'm afraid I have another engagement.
Sorry, I'm afraid I can't.
Practice Situations
Find a partner and use these suggestions to practice
inviting people for different occasions. Make sure to vary the language you use
when practicing rather than using the same phrase over and over again.
·
invite
your boss over for dinner next week (formal)
·
invite
a friend out for a drink (informal)
·
invite
an important person to have lunch with you (formal)
·
invite
your brother or sister over for a barbecue (informal)
·
We use
the modal verbs can, could and would to
offer to do things for people or to invite them to do something. We also
use them to make requests or ask permission to do something.
·
What
are modal verbs?
·
They are a
type of auxiliary verb we use with other verbs to add more
meaning to the verb. After modal verbs we use the infinitive form without to.
·
Modals
are not used with the auxiliary verb do; to form
the negative, we add not after the modal. To ask
questions, we put the modal in front of the subject.
·
Hey,
you couldn't pass me that plate, could
you?
Can I have a taste?
·
Modals do
not change in the third person singular form (he/she/it) in the present simple.
·
Sophie can send
photos.
·
Modals
seem quite easy to use. What do we use them for?
·
We use
them for lots of different things, and the same modal verbs can have several
different uses. Today we are just going to look at offers, invitations,
requests and permission.
·
Right,
fire away! I mean, you can fire away if you like.
·
Oh, you’re
giving me permission. Thank you. We use would + like a
lot for offers. It’s very useful for different situations.
·
Would you like to come to our
house for dinner?
Would you like some cake?
Would you like to celebrate Chinese New Year with
us?
·
For more
informal invitations you can use can + get. Get
means buy in this context.
·
Can I get you
a drink?
·
We also
use would and can for
offering to help someone.
·
Would you like some help?
Can I help you?
Can I give you a hand with that?
·
That
sounds very strange, “Can I give you a hand?”.
·
It just
means “Can I help you?”.
·
We also
use modals for asking for something (making a request or asking permission).
·
Can you do me a favour? - (more informal)
Could you say thanks to your mum for me? - (more polite)
I’ve finished my homework. Can I go now? - (more informal)
Could I speak to Amy, please? - (more polite)
·
What’s the
answer? “Yes, you can.”/"No, you can’t.”?
·
Not
normally. Usually the positive answer is:
·
Yes,
sure. / Yes, of course. / Certainly.
·
We usually
avoid a direct “No” in the negative answer. We’d say something like:
·
Well,
I’m not sure. / Tomorrow night’s a bit difficult. / Um, actually, she’s not
here at the moment.
·
Ah, so you
need to listen carefully to see if the answer is “yes” or “no”.
·
Absolutely.
We don’t like saying “no” in English.
·
We also
like to use longer structures in more formal situations:
·
Do you
think you could do me a
favour?
Would you mind closing the window, please?
Could you tell me how to get to the town centre, please?
·
Yes, but
isn’t the pronunciation important too?
·
Ah, you
mean the intonation? Yes, that’s very important, I’m glad you mentioned that.
It can make all the difference between sounding polite and rude. It’s very
important to get it right if you want a stranger to do something for you. You
need to get “up and down” movement in your voice.
·
Right. One
more thing, do you think you could help me with my
homework now? It would only take about an hour.
·
Um, well,
actually …
To express
prohibition you can use:
- It is prohibited to ...
- You aren’t allowed to ...
- You mustn’t ...
- You aren’t permitted to ...
·
It is forbidden to ...
Examples:
- Parking
is strictly prohibited between these gates.
- Students aren't allowed to come too late to
school.
- Drivers mustn't park their cars here.
- It is forbidden to walk on grass.
- Smoking isn't permitted in hospitals.
- People aren't permitted to throw rubbish here.
Dialogue:
Notice
how prohibition is expressed in this dialogue
The security agent :
Hey, you.
What are you doing here? You aren't allowed to enter this building.
Mr. O’Brian :
Sorry, but I have an appointment with Dr. Leila O’Brian. She’s my daughter.
The security agent :
Show me, your ID card please.
Mr. O’Brian :
Here you are, sir.
The security agent :
Well... That sounds Ok. Dr. Leila O’Brian is in the 3rd floor. You
can take the lift sir.
Giving and
asking about permission and prohibition by using Present and future
Can and may are used to give permission. May is
more formal and less common in everyday contexts:
You can borrow my car if you
want.
Children may use the pool with adult supervision.
The negative forms cannot/can't, mustn't and may
not (more formal) are used to express prohibitions:
I'm sorry, but you can't stay here.
You mustn't touch that Ming vase.
Non-committee members may not vote on committee issues.
Used in the negative, be to can
also express prohibitions:
You are not to do that again!
Can, could and may are used to ask for permission. Can is
the most direct of the three, could is more formal and
tentative, and may is the most formal:
Can I use your phone?
Could I have a glass of water?
May I start my presentation?
Might, which has a more tentative meaning, is very formal and is rarely
used:
Might I ask you a question?
When we talk about permission but we are not
actually giving, refusing or asking for it, we can use can/can't orbe
allowed to:
Students can choose any topic
for their project.
We can't eat in the library.
Are we allowed to smoke in this restaurant?
Will journalists be allowed to ask questions?
Past
Could can be used to express general permission in the past:
When I was a child, I could do basically
anything that I wanted to do.
But when we talk about a particular action
which was permitted and performed, we use was/were allowed to:
Although I was underage, I was allowed to
enter the race
